![]() It is possible to standardize the values of an entire distribution, which means you standardize the entire curve. We note that if we do not know the population's standard deviation, using Z-scores will be inaccurate, and we must use a t-score instead Standard normal distribution Furthermore, a Z-score of 1 indicates that the observation is one standard deviation above the mean. A positive Z-score means that the value is above the mean and a negative Z-score means the value is below. The Z-score is 1.38, which is 1.38 standard deviations above the mean.Īs seen by the formula, a Z-score of 0 means that the raw score is equal to the mean. ![]() Where x is the raw score, is the population mean, and is the standard deviation of the population.įor Lovisenberg hospital, the calculation looks like this: (78.72 - 61.13) / 12.78 = 1.38. ![]() This process is called standardization, and the formula is shown below. This value is the Z-score and is calculated by subtracting the population mean and dividing it by the population's standard deviation. Using the Z-score, we can say how many standard deviations 78.72 days are from the mean. Lovisenberg hospital had an average waiting time of 78.72 days. The average waiting time across Norwegian hospitals in March 2022 was 61.13 days, and the standard deviation was 12.78. If you want to know how far the mean waiting time for a single hospital is from all hospitals, you can use the Z-score. The Z-score measures how many standard deviations a data point is from the population mean, and to illustrate the practical use of Z-scores, we’ll use an example based on waiting times in Norwegian hospitals.
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